In France, Inrap undertakes more than 2000 evaluations and 300 excavations every year. Inrap's Scientific and Technical Direction (DST) is responsible for the national delineation of the policy of the Institute in terms of new technologies. The various examples and trials to use the GIS programs during the last decade showed the need of a national coordination. After having decided on the scope of the application, a process that takes into account the methodological, operational, technical, and human resources constraints was elaborated. This study (in a partnership between the DST and the Laboratoire Archéologie et Territoires, CNRS-University of Tours) showed that the GIS is a strategic choice and not a technical option. On this principle, Inrap chose to use GIS as a tool to support research at the excavation level. This ambitious entrepreneurship led into a deep review of the archaeological data acquisition and data processing. The challenge rests to shift from an illustration, to data processing in order to improve archaeological reasoning. GIS is considered here as a tool that archaeologists must use to treat their data comparable to the shovel they use to dig. The common knowledge appropriation phase will be long but necessary if we are to reach the objective of optimal results. The inclusion of archaeological reasoning in a process of data management has a strong heuristic importance and is an added value of scientific perspective for it improves the robustness of the results. By the renovation of these processes, can propose a reflection on how this new process contributes to the methodological advancement in rescue archaeology.