On Categorial Membership
Résumé
We investigate the family of concepts that an agent comes to know
through a set of defining features, and examine the role played by these features in
the process of categorization. In a qualitative framework, categorial membership is
evaluated through an order relation among the objects at hand, which translates the
fact that an object may fall more than another under a given concept. For concepts
defined by their features, this global membership order depends on the degree with
which each feature applies to the objects of the universe. The passage from these
individual membership degrees to a global membership order poses a problem
analogous to vote aggregation in social choice theory. This similarity leads to an
original solution that is particularly well-adapted to the framework of cognitive
psychology. The resulting membership order extends to compound concepts, and
provides a good description of the guppy paradox and the conjunction effect.
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