Modernization of the Cities of the Ottoman Empire (1800-1920)
Résumé
From the beginning of the nineteenth century, when only a small portion of the Ottoman Empire’s population was living in an urban environment, cities came to be affected by an unprecedented movement of growth. Within a few decades, tens of thousand of people born in a rural environment, or in nomad zones, settled in the cities. The process of transformation accelerated, and modalities of development changed, at every level of apprehension within the urban reality. Although this movement was not synchronous one – some cities took off before others – it nonetheless constituted a new phenomenon: it was not simply a matter of growing re-composition but represented a break with regard to modes of administration, to the division of social groups and activities within space, and to architectural and urban forms.
A partir du début du XIXe siècle, alors qu'une faible part de la population de l'Empire ottoman réside en milieu urbain, les villes sont touchées par un mouvement de croissance sans précédent. En quelques décennies, des dizaines de milliers de personnes, nées en milieu rural ou bien en zones de nomadisation, se fixent dans des villes. A toutes les échelles d'appréhension de la réalité urbaine, les transformations s'accélèrent et les modalités de développement changent. Si ce mouvement n'est pas synchrone – certaines villes démarrent avant les autres –, il constitue un phénomène nouveau car il ne s'agit pas seulement d'un accroissement des recompositions mais aussi d'un moment de rupture quant aux modes d'administration, quant à la répartition des groupes sociaux et des activités dans l'espace et quant aux formes architecturales et urbaines. Abstract From the beginning of the nineteenth century, when only a small portion of the Ottoman Empire's population was living in an urban environment, cities came to be affected by an unprecedented movement of growth. Within a few decades, tens of thousands of people born in a rural environment, or in nomad zones, settled in the cities. The process of transformation accelerated, and modalities of development changed, at every level of apprehension within the urban reality. Although this movement was not synchronous one – some cities took off before others – it nonetheless constituted a new phenomenon: it was not simply a matter of growing re-composition but represented a break with regard to modes of administration, to the division of social groups and activities within space, and to architectural and urban forms.
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