The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion.