Appropriation and commercialization of the Pasteur anthrax vaccine
Résumé
8 Whereas Pasteur patented the biotechnological processes that he invented between 1857 and 1873 9 in the agro-food domain, he did not file any patents on the artificial vaccine preparation processes that 10 he subsequently developed. This absence of patents can probably be explained by the 1844 patent law 11 in France that established the non-patentable status of pharmaceutical preparations and remedies, 12 including those for use in veterinary medicine. Despite the absence of patents, the commercial exploi-13 tation of the anthrax vaccine in the 1880s and 1890s led to a technical and commercial monopoly by 14 PasteurÕs laboratory as well as the founding of a commercial company to diffuse the vaccine abroad. 15 Pasteur repeatedly refused to transfer his know-how and anthrax vaccine production methods to for-16 eign laboratories, on the grounds that he wished to control the quality of the vaccines produced.
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