Climate Change in the Br 163 Region: A Multiscale Analysis.
Résumé
Climatic resources, especially a long and regular rainy season, represented a favorable context for migrants moving along the BR163 road in Mato Grosso to develop agriculture. In return, this region has undergone profound landscape changes including deforestation, agricultural expansion and urbanization that led to climate changes via the modification of surface conditions (roughness, albedo, soil moisture). In this presentation, we propose a multi-scale analysis of these changes using in-situ and remote sensing data:
At the scale of Mato Grosso, the trends of changes in rainfall volumes and rainy season dates show sometimes divergent evolutions to which producers try to adapt, for example by multiplying farm dams and irrigation pivots.
At regional and local scales, significant differences are observed between forest and pasture or croplands, especially during the dry season.
At local scale, the extension of cities such as Alta Floresta, Sorriso or Sinop contribute to generate urban heat islands, well marked during the night and the dry season.
We show that, beyond the global effects of deforestation on the water and carbon cycles in the Amazon, the climate consequences of such geographic transformations are reflected first on local and regional scales and are particularly spectacular in northern Mato Grosso.