Battling inequalities, preserving patrimonies. Case studies on family language policies in France & in Pakistan
Lutte des inégalités, préservation des patrimoines. Etude de cas sur politique linguistique familiale en France et au Pakistan
Résumé
Emerged as a key concept and domain of sociolinguistics in the late 20th century, family language policy may either strive to maintain ecological balance of the languages or accentuate the inequalities of the languages. Though there may be few choices in front of hegemonic macro language policies, some families may take extraordinary steps to transmit, practice and maintain their own native idioms. I propose to show two longitudinal ethnographic case studies from two countries on the immigrant families from Hmong community in France & Hakka community in Pakistan. Irrespective of the monolingual Nation-State based policies in France & Pakistan, it is the family which acts as a core site where the language maintenance is at play. A thorough in-depth analysis at the family level helps to understand the dynamics and challenges of the effects of national language policies. The Hmong community resorted to beliefs and rituals to maintain the Hmong language whereas the course of language is losing its grip in the third generation in favor to Urdu among Hakka families.
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