Jean-Marie Casal (1905-1977). Jean-Marie Casal, curator of the Musée Guimet and seconded to the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), has founded the French Archaeological Mission of Indus (Pakistan) in 1958. Before begininng to work in Pakistan, he had excavated the 4th-3rd millennium BC site of Mundigak in southern Afghanistan. In Pakistan, Jean-Marie Casal has directed the excavations at Amri (Sindh) in 1959-1962 and at Nindowari (Balochistan) in 1962-1965. He also conducted the fieldwork at Pirak (Balochistan) in 1968-1973 before returning in France for health problems. The Pirak excavation will be completed in 1974 by Jean-François Jarrige who became the new leader of the MAI mission in 1975