Premières données sur le site mésolithique du “Collège Belrem” à Beaurainville (Pas-de-Calais)
Résumé
The Mesolithic site at Beaurainville “Collège Belrem” (Pas-de-Calais) was excavated on a large surface located in the alluvial plain of the Canche river, before its destruction by the construction of a new college. The artifacts are included in thin loams which are recovered by tufa deposits. The occupations are situated on dry grounds near rivers in a forest dominated by the hazel tree, according to palynological studies. Several lithic scatters are assignated to the Mesolithic with invasely retouched microliths or to the late Mesolithic with trapezes, notched blades (“lames Montbani”) and regular blades and bladelets. There are no vestiges of the final Mesolithic and the Neolithic because the archaeological level was sealed before these periods. Some sectors are mixed and others appear to be much more homogeneous. The 14C datings obtained on charred material (charcoal and hazelnut) range from 6800 to 6000 cal BC (between 7920 et 7130 uncal BP). The invasely retouched microliths are clearly dated between 6800 et 6600 cal BC (between 7920 et 7800 uncal BP). The trapezes are associated with hearths dated of 6000 cal BC (circ. 7 150 uncal BP) and pits dated between 6 400 and 6100 cal BC (between 7440 to 7310 uncal BP). Several hearths and hearths pits dated to 6600 / 6500 cal BC (7710 uncal BP) are probably assignated to the Mesolithic with invasely retouched microliths. The chronological position of a possible transitional lithic industry woud be range from 6600 to 6400 cal BC (Circ. 7700 to 7500 uncal BP). The animal bones are especially preserved on the bank of a channel (Mesolithic with invasely rectouched microliths) and around an old gully ( Mesolithic with trapezes ?). The main species are red deer, aurochs and wild boar. Diggings were made to produce hearth-pits and some possible water hole. The variety of the toolkit corresponds to diversity of activities. The high density of remains can be explained by a frequent return on the same place during relatively short periods and, perhaps, also by residential camps occupied during several months.
Inscrit dans la plaine alluviale de la Canche, le site mésolithique du « Collège Belrem » à Beaurainville dans le Pas-de-Calais a été fouillé sur une grande surface, ce qui a permis de documenter plusieurs concentrations de vestiges datant du Mésolithique à armatures à retouche couvrante (feuilles de gui et pièces assimilées) jusqu’aux premiers assemblages microlithiques à trapèzes. Les Préhistoriques se sont installés sur des sols secs à proximité de cours d’eau dans un milieu boisé largement dominé par le noisetier. Surtout conservée sur la berge d’un chenal et autour d’une ancienne ravine, la faune est essentiellement composée de grands ongulés. Des fosses ont été creusées afin de réaliser des structures de combustion et de possibles trous à eau. La variété de l’outillage montre une diversité d’activités. La forte densité des vestiges peut s’expliquer par un retour fréquent des Préhistoriques sur le lieu et, peut-être, aussi par des séjours relativement longs.
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