When Religious Geography meets the Geography of Humanists.
Résumé
In 1321, Marino Sanudo Torsello presented the crusade project entitled ‘Liber
Secretorum Fidelium Crucis’, the ‘Book of Secrets of the Faithful of the Cross’ to Pope
John XXII. Among themaps that accompany the project, the representation of the Holy
Land is one of the best-known medieval maps, both for its content and for its original
construction.
Firstly, with regards to content, this map locates the main places visited by
Christian pilgrims, according to the Old and New Testaments, following the description
of the Holy Land by Burchard of Mount Sion (thirteenth century). Regarding its
shape, the places described in the text are arranged on the map according to a grid
which allows the reader, via a system of coordinates, to find the location of each placename
in a precise cell of the grid. This document served as a model for a large number
of representations of the Holy Land, from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century, in the
context of pilgrimage narratives in which the religious dimension of the places appeared
fully.
The map was also inserted alongside the maps of Ptolemy’s ‘Geography’, first in
the manuscript copies composed by Nicolas Germanus in the second half of the fifteenth
century, and in the printed editions of the book, from the Ulm edition of 1482
and 1486, later with commentaries of Johannes Reger and Johannes Peregrinus. In
Florence, the Italian author Francesco Berlinghieri included this map in his ‘Septe
giornate della Geographia’, an adaptation of Ptolemy’s work in Italian verse (1482),
and Henricus Martellus inserted it in his ‘Insularium Illustratum’ (c. 1490). The aim of
this paper is to ask to what extent the religious character of the map of the Holy Land
of Marino Sanudo, related to the context of pilgrimages and crusades during the
fourteenth century, was preserved or not when inserted into Ptolemy’s ‘Geography’ or
other humanist geographic works.We will study how the context of reception of this
map in the humanist culture of the Renaissance, in Germany and in Italy, could
change its meaning and interpretation.