The high-speed rail line (HSR) Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud Europe Atlantique (LGV SEA) was inaugurated and put into operation on July 2, 2017. Since then, a decrease has been observed in air traffic and in air service frequency on the Paris–Bordeaux route. This paper examines the competition between HSR and air transportation services and the influence of this new transport infrastructure on passenger behavior. Using discrete choice models along with data from traveler surveys, an econometric analysis of traveler demand is conducted, dealing jointly with mode choice and schedule choice between Paris and Bordeaux. Results demonstrate that the variables specifically constructed to represent the schedule delay cost are significant, with late arrival generating relatively greater costs compared with early arrival. This model also makes it possible to evaluate the quality of transport timetable proposed by the transportation operators with the help of market share prediction.