Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018
Hannes Schwandt
,
Janet Currie
,
Marlies Bär
,
James Banks
,
Paola Bertoli
,
Aline Bütikofer
,
Sarah Cattan
,
Beatrice Zong-Ying Chao
,
Claudia Costa
,
Libertad González
,
Veronica Grembi
,
Kristiina Huttunen
,
René Karadakic
,
Lucy Kraftman
,
Sonya Krutikova
,
Stefano Lombardi
,
Peter Redler
,
Carlos Riumallo-Herl
,
Ana Rodríguez-González
,
Kjell Salvanes
,
Paula Santana
,
Josselin Thuilliez
(1)
,
Eddy van Doorslaer
,
Tom van Ourti
,
Joachim Winter
,
Bram Wouterse
,
Amelie Wuppermann
Hannes Schwandt
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 795515
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0298-5037
Janet Currie
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 795514
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9220-9113
Marlies Bär
- Fonction : Auteur
James Banks
- Fonction : Auteur
Paola Bertoli
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809290
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8818-4243
Aline Bütikofer
- Fonction : Auteur
Sarah Cattan
- Fonction : Auteur
Beatrice Zong-Ying Chao
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809291
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0945-7974
Claudia Costa
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809292
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7422-6139
Libertad González
- Fonction : Auteur
Veronica Grembi
- Fonction : Auteur
Kristiina Huttunen
- Fonction : Auteur
René Karadakic
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809293
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3219-014X
Lucy Kraftman
- Fonction : Auteur
Sonya Krutikova
- Fonction : Auteur
Stefano Lombardi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809294
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9100-9331
Peter Redler
- Fonction : Auteur
Carlos Riumallo-Herl
- Fonction : Auteur
Ana Rodríguez-González
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809295
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8395-2282
Kjell Salvanes
- Fonction : Auteur
Paula Santana
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763646
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7658-8475
Josselin Thuilliez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 6560
- IdHAL : jthuilliez
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5392-0917
- IdRef : 114620164
Eddy van Doorslaer
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784750
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2692-1433
- IdRef : 032525842
Tom van Ourti
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809296
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0110-770X
Joachim Winter
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 809297
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2460-619X
Bram Wouterse
- Fonction : Auteur
Amelie Wuppermann
- Fonction : Auteur
Résumé
Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990 and 2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life expectancy in high- and low-income US areas and with reference to six European countries. Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the United States than in Europe. In 1990, White Americans and Europeans in high-income areas had similar overall life expectancy, while life expectancy for White Americans in low-income areas was lower. However, since then, even high-income White Americans have lost ground relative to Europeans. Meanwhile, the gap in life expectancy between Black Americans and Europeans decreased by 8.3%. Black American life expectancy increased more than White American life expectancy in all US areas, but improvements in lower-income areas had the greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black Americans’ mortality reductions included cancer, homicide, HIV, and causes originating in the fetal or infant period. Life expectancy for both Black and White Americans plateaued or slightly declined after 2012, but this stalling was most evident among Black Americans even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. If improvements had continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages and in both high-income and low-income areas.
Domaines
Economies et financesFormat du dépôt | Fichier |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Inequality in mortality between Black and White Americans by age, place, and cause and in comparison to Europe, 1990 to 2018
|
Résumé |
en
Although there is a large gap between Black and White American life expectancies, the gap fell 48.9% between 1990 and 2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life expectancy in high- and low-income US areas and with reference to six European countries. Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the United States than in Europe. In 1990, White Americans and Europeans in high-income areas had similar overall life expectancy, while life expectancy for White Americans in low-income areas was lower. However, since then, even high-income White Americans have lost ground relative to Europeans. Meanwhile, the gap in life expectancy between Black Americans and Europeans decreased by 8.3%. Black American life expectancy increased more than White American life expectancy in all US areas, but improvements in lower-income areas had the greatest impact on the racial life expectancy gap. The causes that contributed the most to Black Americans’ mortality reductions included cancer, homicide, HIV, and causes originating in the fetal or infant period. Life expectancy for both Black and White Americans plateaued or slightly declined after 2012, but this stalling was most evident among Black Americans even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. If improvements had continued at the 1990 to 2012 rate, the racial gap in life expectancy would have closed by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages and in both high-income and low-income areas.
|
Auteur(s) |
Hannes Schwandt
, Janet Currie
, Marlies Bär
, James Banks
, Paola Bertoli
, Aline Bütikofer
, Sarah Cattan
, Beatrice Zong-Ying Chao
, Claudia Costa
, Libertad González
, Veronica Grembi
, Kristiina Huttunen
, René Karadakic
, Lucy Kraftman
, Sonya Krutikova
, Stefano Lombardi
, Peter Redler
, Carlos Riumallo-Herl
, Ana Rodríguez-González
, Kjell Salvanes
, Paula Santana
, Josselin Thuilliez
1
, Eddy van Doorslaer
, Tom van Ourti
, Joachim Winter
, Bram Wouterse
, Amelie Wuppermann
1
CES -
Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne
( 15080 )
- Maison des Sciences Économiques - 106-112 Boulevard de l'Hôpital - 75647 Paris Cedex 13
- France
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2021-09-28
|
Volume |
118
|
Numéro |
40
|
Page/Identifiant |
e2104684118
|
Domaine(s) |
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2104684118 |
Origine :
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