This chapter shows that Sen’s (2009) non-welfarist approach to justice is greatly influenced by 1) his work on famines; 2) his empirical work on gender inequalities, specifically within the Indian society, that helped him to refine his approach to hunger; and 3) his involvement in the creation of the human development approach. All these engagements — seemingly completely separate from his theoretical work in welfare economics — have, in fact, fostered the formulation of a novel approach in which agency and public reasoning are the core elements.