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Communication dans un congrès Année : 2022

Perception and production of French oral vowels by Japanese-speaking learners: does dialectal variation play a role?

Perception et production des voyelles orales du français par des japonophones : la variation dialectale a-t-elle un rôle à jouer?

Résumé

In the acquisition of second language (L2) pronunciation, regional or social variation in the source and target languages may have an impact (Morrison, 2008, Chládková & Podlipský, 2011 for the source language). This talk will illustrate two such cases in the acquisition of the French high back vowel /u/ by Japanese-speaking learners (JSL). Parisian French (PF) has 10 oral and 3 nasal vowels. It has a high back vowel /u/, which is realized as a focal vowel (Schwartz et al., 1997) with close first two formants (F1/F2) under 1000 Hz (Liénard, 1977; Vaissière, 2007, inter alia). It has been shown that native speakers of Tokyo Japanese tend to produce this target vowel /u/ with a higher F2, which is rather perceived as the mid-high front rounded /ø/ by native listeners of French (Kamiyama & Vaissière, 2009). This trend is related to the fact that the high non-front vowel in Tokyo Japanese /u/ shows a higher F2 (> 1000 Hz) than that of the French /u/. The first study, reported in Tremblay & Kamiyama (2009), examined the perceptual evaluation by native listeners of two different varieties of French. The /u/ in Quebec French (QF) has a "lax" variant [ʊ] in closed syllables (as in “soupe”), with its F2 amounting to 1000 to 1100 Hz (Martin 2002). Do QF listeners show different behaviour from PF listeners because of their lax variant of /u/? Our perception experiment using 18 tokens each of /u y ø/ produced by 5 JSL showed that the 16 PF listeners examined perceived those stimuli of /u/ with F2 between 1000 and 1100 Hz as /ø/ and /u/ almost equally often, but considered as very poor exemplars of either of them. By contrast, the 16 QF listeners tested identified the same stimuli of /u/ almost always as /u/ with a better goodness rating than PF listeners'. These findings suggest that native speakers' judgment about non-native speakers' production might depend on the native accent variety of the listener. In the second series of experiments, reported in Kamiyama et al. (2013), the production and perception by native speakers of two different varieties of Japanese (from eastern region of Kantô, including Tokyo, and western Kansai, including Osaka) were compared. The vowel /u/ in Kansai Japanese is usually described as more rounded (Shibatani, 1990) and its F2 is lower (Sugitô, 1995) than that of Kantô. It was indeed reported that some JSL from Kansai produced the French /u/ with a lower F2 (around 1000 Hz for male speakers) than typical values observed in the production of learners from Kantô (Kamiyama, 2012). In the present production study, the 5 Japanese vowels were pronounced by 10 (5 male and 5 female) speakers of Kansai Japanese with no learning experience of French and their first 4 formants were measured. In the second experiment, the same participants took part in an AXB auditory discrimination task (including vowels pairs /u/-/y/, /y/-/ø/ and /u/-/ø/). The results were compared with those of Tokyo speakers in previous studies. Chládková, K., & Podlipský, V. J. (2011). Native dialect matters: Perceptual assimilation of Dutch vowels by Czech listeners. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(4), EL186–EL192. Kamiyama, T. (2012). Production des voyelles du français par des apprenants japonophones : effet du dialecte d’origine / Production of French vowels by Japanese-speaking learners: effect of the native dialect. Actes des Journées d’Études sur la Parole 2012 (pp. 771–778). Presented at the Journées d’Études sur la Parole 2012, Grenoble, France: ATALA/AFCP. Kamiyama, T., & Vaissière, J. (2009). Perception and production of French close and close-mid rounded vowels by Japanese-speaking learners. AILE ... LIA, (2), 9–41. KAMIYAMA T., KANEDA, J. & HAYASHI, R. (2013). « Perception et production des voyelles orales du français par des japonophones avec des dialectes différents », 19ème Congrès International des linguistes / 19th International Congress of Linguists (juillet 2013), Genève, Suisse. Liénard, J.-S. (1977). Les processus de la communication parlée : introduction à l’analyse et la synthèse de la parole (Vols. 1-1). Paris ; New York ; Barcelone [etc.]: Masson. Martin, P. (2002). Le système vocalique du français du Québec. De l'acoustique à la phonologie. La Linguistique 38(2), January 2002, 71-88. Morrison, G. S. (2008). Perception of synthetic vowels by monolingual Canadian-English, Mexican-Spanish, and Peninsular-Spanish listeners. Canadian Acoustics, 36(4), 17–23. Schwartz, J.-L., Boë, L.-J., Vallée, N., & Abry, C. (1997). The Dispersion-Focalization Theory of vowel systems. Journal of Phonetics, 25(3), 255–286. Shibatani, M. (1990). The Languages of Japan. Cambridge University Press. Sugitô, M. (1995). Oosaka - Toukyou akusento onsei jiten CD-ROM: kaisetsuhen [CD-ROM Accent dictionary of Spoken Osaka and Tokyo Japanese]. Tokyo: Maruzen. Tremblay, M.-C. & Kamiyama, T. (2009). Perception of L2 production by L1 speakers of different dialectal backgrounds: the case of Japanese-speaking learners' /u/ perceived by French and Quebec native speakers. Cross-Language Speech Perception and Variations in Linguistic Experience (2nd ASA Special Workshop on Speech), May 2009, Portland, Oregon, United States. pp.2776. Vaissière, J. (2007). Area functions and articulatory modeling as a tool for investigating the articulatory, acoustic and perceptual properties of sounds across languages. In M. J. Solé, P. S. Beddor, & M. Ohala (Eds.), Experimental Approaches to Phonology (pp. 54–71). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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halshs-04010127, version 1 (01-03-2023)

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  • HAL Id : halshs-04010127 , version 1

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Takeki Kamiyama, Marie-Claude Tremblay, Jumpei Kaneda, Ryoko Hayashi. Perception et production des voyelles orales du français par des japonophones : la variation dialectale a-t-elle un rôle à jouer?. Journées d’étude PhonLim 2022 : La « richesse des écarts à la norme ». Individus atypiques en prononciation L1 / L2, Maelle Amand; Susan Moore Mauroux; Camille Robieux, Mar 2022, Limoges, France. ⟨halshs-04010127⟩
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Dernière date de mise à jour le 28/04/2024
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