Sui fondamenti onto-politici del Nuovo Materialismo : Dagli studi scientifici femministi alla metafisica - HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Chapitre d'ouvrage Année : 2022

Sui fondamenti onto-politici del Nuovo Materialismo : Dagli studi scientifici femministi alla metafisica

Résumé

Engagements with ‘new’ and feminist materialist approaches to science have tended to focus on the problematics of the ontology-politics relation ((Rekret 2016); (Choat 2018); Moss, 2017). Some recent continental varieties of materialism eschew any necessary relation between these two spheres. As Nick Srnicek, Levi Bryant and Graham Harman have put it in the introduction to their volume on speculative realism and materialism, though ‘knowledge may be irreducibly tied to politics, […] to suggest that reality is also thus tied is to project an epistemological problem into the ontological realm’ . An implicit critique coming from elsewhere in the NM camp is that ontology is always, in some way, political. In their feminist incarnations, in particular, new materialisms have been concerned with investigating the political commitments that might ensue from the various ontological descriptions of the material world supposedly implied by the natural sciences (cf. (Ahmed 2008); (Coole and Frost 2010); (Pitts-Taylor 2016)). The latter approach raises at least two problems. First, there is the foundationalist problem of ‘who gets to say the Real?’; second, the immanentist one of what follows from the flat-ontology assumption that everything is equally real (Wolfe 2017b): 223). These are relevant considerations for science studies not only (or perhaps even primarily) because they bear on ontology: assuming that knowledge is indeed tied to politics, we argue that the foundationalist and immanentist problems are questions of political epistemology. To the extent that NM is supposed to provide an ontology for a feminist approach to science, the foundationalist problem—paradoxically—indicates a certain elision of questions of standpoint (Harding 1992, (Harding 2015). Consequently, new materialism runs the risk of adopting the (from a feminist standpoint, tendentially masculinist) position of the subject of ontological reasoning who assumes the authority to name the real. Ontological immanentism brings its own contradictions – present in also Latour’s increasingly metaphysical version of actor-network theory. By eliding the constitutive role of the subject, an apparently democratic object-oriented ontology risks reproducing the kinds of political conclusions of which many new materialists of which many new materialists accuse dualist approaches.

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halshs-04243053, version 1 (15-10-2023)

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  • HAL Id : halshs-04243053 , version 1

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Charles T. Wolfe, Catherine Moir. Sui fondamenti onto-politici del Nuovo Materialismo : Dagli studi scientifici femministi alla metafisica. Gerardo Ienna, Flavio D’Abramo, & Massimiliano Badino. Expertise ed epistemologia politica, Meltemi, pp.267-297, 2022, 978-8855196611. ⟨halshs-04243053⟩
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