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Article dans une revue Revue roumaine de philosophie Année : 2023

AUGUSTE COMTE ET LA PHILOSOPHIE COMME SCIENCE

Résumé

What sets Comte apart from all those who wanted to make philosophy more scientific is that he also wanted to make science more philosophical. His starting point was not philosophy, but science: he found the state of science in his time unsatisfactory. To understand his position, we must consider the split between natural and moral philosophy that we owes to the Greeks: it coincides with the transition from the theological to the metaphysical state, and it is doomed to disappear when we move from the metaphysical to the positive stage. In this restoration of the unity destroyed by the Greeks, sociology plays an essential role. Sociology is the final science. With it, human, i.e., social, phenomena, which had remained the domain of philosophy, become the object of science. In other words, sociology has a twofold status: it is a science like any other one, the science of social phenomena just as biology is the science of vital phenomena; but as the final science, sociology presupposes and recapitulate all the others. With it, there is only one science, human science. The distinction between science and philosophy does not apply anymore. Science has become philosophy and philosophy has become scientific. Social science is at the same time social philosophy. Comte's position is thus inseparable from a concern for the unity of science. What characterises philosophy is not only attention to mankind but also the concern for unity, the search for generality and synoptic views; and if science must become more philosophical, it is to fight against the undesirable effects due to the increasing division of labour and specialisation that continues to prevail in the scientific world.
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halshs-04289101, version 1 (16-11-2023)

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  • HAL Id : halshs-04289101 , version 1

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Michel Bourdeau. AUGUSTE COMTE ET LA PHILOSOPHIE COMME SCIENCE. Revue roumaine de philosophie, 2023, 67-1, pp.7-19. ⟨halshs-04289101⟩
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