Abstract Drawing on intellectual history and the sociology of intellectuals, this chapter takes a close look at the critiques of liberalism that have been formulated by Polish conservative intellectuals since the end of the communist era. It depicts the evolution of their ideology by distinguishing four types of critiques: (1) liberalism as a dominant ideology, in the context of the postcommunist changes; (2) liberalism as moral relativism; (3) liberalism as a threat to the natural (social and political) order; and (4) liberalism as Westernization/colonization. It also depicts the environment in which the intellectuals under study are evolving, comprising academia, the media, think tanks, the political landscape. Such an approach permits us to understand the social mechanisms and dynamics by which ideas gain power, and to identify what is contextual (i.e., specific to the Polish or postcommunist context) and what is common to a broader context of the global (far) right.