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Article dans une revue BMJ Open Année : 2022

COVID-19 in French nursing homes during the second pandemic wave: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study

COVID-19 en residencias de ancianos francesas durante la segunda oleada de la pandemia: un estudio transversal mixto

Le COVID-19 dans les EHPAD français durant la deuxième vague pandémique : une étude mixte et transversale

COVID-19 u francuskim domovima za umirovljenike tijekom drugog vala pandemije: kvantitativno-kvalitativno i transverzalno istraživanje

Résumé

Introduction. French nursing homes were deeply affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 38% of all residents infected and 5% dying. Yet, little was done to prepare these facilities for the second pandemic wave, and subsequent outbreak response strategies largely duplicated what had been done in the spring of 2020, regardless of the unique needs of the care home environment. Methods. A cross-sectional, mixed-methods study using a retrospective, quantitative data from residents of 14 nursing homes between November 2020 and mid-January 2021. Four facilities were purposively selected as qualitative study sites for additional in-person, in-depth interviews in January and February 2021. Results. The average attack rate in the 14 participating nursing facilities was 39% among staff and 61% among residents. One-fifth (20) of infected residents ultimately died from COVID-19 and its complications. Failure to thrive syndrome (FTTS) was diagnosed in 23% of COVID-19-positive residents. Those at highest risk of death were men (HR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.70; p=0.006), with FTTS (HR=4.04; 95% CI: 1.93 to 8.48; p<0.001) or in facilities with delayed implementation of universal FFP2 masking policies (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.07; p<0.001). The lowest mortality was found in residents of facilities with a partial (HR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.51; p<0.001) or full-time physician on staff (HR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.53; p=0.001). Significant themes emerging from qualitative analysis centred on (1) the structural, chronic neglect of nursing homes, (2) the negative effects of the top-down, bureaucratic nature of COVID-19 crisis response, and (3) the counterproductive effects of lockdowns on both residents and staff. Conclusion. Despite high resident mortality during the first pandemic wave, French nursing homes were ill-prepared for the second, with risk factors (especially staffing, lack of medical support, isolation/quarantine policy, etc) that affected case fatality and residents’ and caregivers’ overall well-being and mental health.
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Dates et versions

halshs-04516442, version 1 (22-03-2024)

Licence

Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - CC BY 4.0

Identifiants

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Morgane Dujmovic, Thomas Roederer, Severine Frison, Carla Melki, Thomas Lauvin, et al.. COVID-19 in French nursing homes during the second pandemic wave: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2022, 12 (9), pp.e060276. ⟨10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060276⟩. ⟨halshs-04516442⟩
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