Modeling inequalities, from the most abstract to the most descriptive, can account for observed trends, illustrate the effect of a particular policy measure or even include interactions between agents or between agents and their geographical environment in the production and reproduction of inequalities. This chapter discusses models for describing inequalities in the distribution of economic resources and details a method for describing inequalities in space, namely through mapping. It evokes the models of spatial inequality and social discontinuity in space. In the field of economic inequality, and typically income inequality, the most widely used mathematical model is the Lorenz curve and its associated index: the Gini coefficient. The chapter discusses two families of statistical models: multilevel models and geographically weighted models. These are the most suitable for taking into account the geographical organization of individuals in the statistical explanation of their inequalities.