The place of millet in food globalization during Late Prehistory as evidenced by new bioarchaeological data from the Caucasus
Lucie Martin
(1, 2)
,
Erwan Messager
(1)
,
Giorgi Bedianashvili
(3)
,
Nana Rusishvili
(3)
,
Elena Lebedeva
(4)
,
Catherine Longford
(5)
,
Roman Hovsepyan
(6)
,
Liana Bitadze
(7)
,
Marine Chkadua
(3)
,
Nikoloz Vanishvili
(3)
,
Françoise Le Mort
(8)
,
Kakha Kakhiani
(3)
,
Mikheil Abramishvili
(3)
,
Giorgi Gogochuri
(3)
,
Bidzina Murvanidze
(3)
,
Gela Giunashvili
(3)
,
Vakhtang Licheli
(7)
,
Aurélie Salavert
(9)
,
Guy Andre
(10)
,
Estelle Herrscher
(10)
1
EDYTEM -
Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne
2 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
3 Georgian National Museum
4 RAS - Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow]
5 University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
6 NAS RA - National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan]
7 Tbilisi State University
8 Archéorient - ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
9 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
10 LAMPEA - Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique
2 UNIGE - Université de Genève = University of Geneva
3 Georgian National Museum
4 RAS - Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow]
5 University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
6 NAS RA - National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan]
7 Tbilisi State University
8 Archéorient - ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
9 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
10 LAMPEA - Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique
Lucie Martin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 8403
- IdHAL : lucie-martin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7803-2382
- IdRef : 150188951
Aurélie Salavert
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 170789
- IdHAL : aurelie-salavert
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7854-9170
- IdRef : 144898942
Estelle Herrscher
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 11001
- IdHAL : estelle-herrscher
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9339-4325
- IdRef : 059830646
Résumé
Two millets, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica, were domesticated in northern China, around 6000 BC. Although its oldest evidence is in Asia, possible independent domestication of these species in the Caucasus has often been proposed. To verify this hypothesis, a multiproxy research program (Orimil) was designed to detect the first evidence of millet in this region. It included a critical review of the occurrence of archaeological millet in the Caucasus, up to Antiquity; isotopic analyses of human and animal bones and charred grains; and radiocarbon dating of millet grains from archaeological contexts dated from the Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BC) to the 1 st Century BC. The results show that these two cereals were cultivated during the Middle Bronze Age (MBA), around 2000-1800 BC, especially Setaria italica which is the most ancient millet found in Georgia. Isotopic analyses also show a significant enrichment in 13 C in human and animal tissues, indicating an increasing C 4 plants consumption at the same period. More broadly, our results assert that millet was not present in the Caucasus in the Neolithic period. Its arrival in the region, based on existing data in Eurasia, was from the south, without excluding a possible local domestication of Setaria italica. Today, there are many genetic, archaeobotanical or biochemical resources to track the domestication processes and diffusion of plants and animals. Among them, the millets, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica, are two species that have their origins in China, but their path to Europe has been the subject of numerous studies for several years. Across Asia, researchers have looked at millets to describe the dispersal of peoples and languages 1 , to address the concept of food globalization 2 , to understand how these cereals have adapted to different environments 3,4 and to investigate the sedentary, semi-nomadic, or nomadic lifestyles of the early agropastoral communities 5,6. This article focuses on the Caucasus, a region that has hitherto not yet been explored
Format du dépôt | Fichier |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Résumé |
en
Two millets, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica, were domesticated in northern China, around 6000 BC. Although its oldest evidence is in Asia, possible independent domestication of these species in the Caucasus has often been proposed. To verify this hypothesis, a multiproxy research program (Orimil) was designed to detect the first evidence of millet in this region. It included a critical review of the occurrence of archaeological millet in the Caucasus, up to Antiquity; isotopic analyses of human and animal bones and charred grains; and radiocarbon dating of millet grains from archaeological contexts dated from the Early Bronze Age (3500-2500 BC) to the 1 st Century BC. The results show that these two cereals were cultivated during the Middle Bronze Age (MBA), around 2000-1800 BC, especially Setaria italica which is the most ancient millet found in Georgia. Isotopic analyses also show a significant enrichment in 13 C in human and animal tissues, indicating an increasing C 4 plants consumption at the same period. More broadly, our results assert that millet was not present in the Caucasus in the Neolithic period. Its arrival in the region, based on existing data in Eurasia, was from the south, without excluding a possible local domestication of Setaria italica. Today, there are many genetic, archaeobotanical or biochemical resources to track the domestication processes and diffusion of plants and animals. Among them, the millets, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica, are two species that have their origins in China, but their path to Europe has been the subject of numerous studies for several years. Across Asia, researchers have looked at millets to describe the dispersal of peoples and languages 1 , to address the concept of food globalization 2 , to understand how these cereals have adapted to different environments 3,4 and to investigate the sedentary, semi-nomadic, or nomadic lifestyles of the early agropastoral communities 5,6. This article focuses on the Caucasus, a region that has hitherto not yet been explored
|
Titre |
en
The place of millet in food globalization during Late Prehistory as evidenced by new bioarchaeological data from the Caucasus
|
Auteur(s) |
Lucie Martin
1, 2
, Erwan Messager
1
, Giorgi Bedianashvili
3
, Nana Rusishvili
3
, Elena Lebedeva
4
, Catherine Longford
5
, Roman Hovsepyan
6
, Liana Bitadze
7
, Marine Chkadua
3
, Nikoloz Vanishvili
3
, Françoise Le Mort
8
, Kakha Kakhiani
3
, Mikheil Abramishvili
3
, Giorgi Gogochuri
3
, Bidzina Murvanidze
3
, Gela Giunashvili
3
, Vakhtang Licheli
7
, Aurélie Salavert
9
, Guy Andre
10
, Estelle Herrscher
10
1
EDYTEM -
Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne
( 20150 )
- Université de Savoie, Campus scientifique, 73376 Le Bourget du Lac cedex
- France
2
UNIGE -
Université de Genève = University of Geneva
( 154620 )
- 24 rue du Général-Dufour CH - 1211 Genève 4
Suisse
- Suisse
3
Georgian National Museum
( 424849 )
- 3 Rustaveli Avenue, 0105 Tbilisi,
- Géorgie
4
RAS -
Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow]
( 217892 )
- Leninsky Ave, 14, Moscow, Russie, 119991
- Russie
5
University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
( 153591 )
- Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN
- Royaume-Uni
6
NAS RA -
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan]
( 424194 )
- Arménie
7
Tbilisi State University
( 306145 )
- T'bilisi 0179, Géorgie
- Géorgie
8
Archéorient -
ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
( 619 )
- Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean-Pouilloux 7 rue Raulin 69365 LYON Cedex 07
- France
9
AASPE -
Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
( 118105 )
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Case postale 56 - 55 rue Buffon - 75005 Paris
- France
10
LAMPEA -
Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique
( 208163 )
- MMSH 5 Rue du château de l'Horloge BP 647 13094 AIX EN PROVENCE CEDEX 2
- France
|
Date de publication |
2021-06-23
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Volume |
11
|
Page/Identifiant |
13124
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Financement |
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Référence interne |
|
Projet(s) ANR |
|
DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-92392-9 |
Origine :
Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte
Loading...