Beyond the great diversity of national contexts and disputes examined in this volume, this synthesis gathers the key insights from our case studies and attempts to provide answers to the questions that motivated the launch of this project. It presents the trends in biodiversity litigation identified in the different chapters of this book and in the literature. It shows that the most significant influence of international biodiversity law, both in terms of frequency and in terms of impact, is to be found in its indirect influence, particularly as an interpretative tool. It highlights the way in which biodiversity litigation has evolved over the years to exhibit certain patterns such as the involvement of NGOs and indigenous peoples and local communities, the progressive opening up of judges to science and expertise, and the uneven influence of rights discourses. Litigation appears as one of the tools that can help to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity law and policies, although this depends largely on the legal and institutional context. Even if it does not yet have an identity as strong as ‘climate litigation’, there is some merit in welcoming ‘biodiversity litigation’ as a staple of environmental law. It opens the door to more creative legal thinking when dealing with biodiversity-related disputes and refines the discourses around environmental litigation.