CHAPTER 9 : MODERNIZATION AND MOBILIZATION. Parisian Retail Market Halls, 1961–1982
Résumé
In 1966, the Council of Paris embarked on the renovation plan of the Halles centrales de Paris that eventually led to their dismantling a few years later. This well-known episode aligns to a larger and yet unacknowledged modernization of Parisian retail market halls. In 1967, an entire program was conceived for the eighteen retail market halls still active. By 1982, four markets had been rebuilt, three permanently destroyed and two eventually preserved through popular mobilization.
Through a careful and unprecedented review of municipal documents and architectural projects alongside associative publications and press excerpts, this chapter aims to define a turning point in the history of retail markets halls in Europe. It will underline the difficult articulation between new hygienist and land pressure needs and the vernacular function of these buildings for the city and its inhabitants.
This chapter is organized in three sections: the first examines lesser-known proposals of architects such as Georges Massé, Fernand Roy or Pierre Dufau. Between 1967 and 1972, these inventive projects combined 19th-century internal circulation principles with the multifunctionality inherited from the numerous conversions conducted since the beginning of the 20th-century all across Europe. The second surveys the massive public mobilization that rose from 1972 to 1977 against the Batignolles market project, leading to the successive abandonments of the Carreau du Temple and Enfants-Rouges markets modernization plans.
The third discusses how this new collective awareness impacted the later Saint-Germain and Saint-Martin markets modernization plans as well as the heritage classification of the remaining market halls in Paris in 1982. In sum, this chapter argues that, far from being anecdotal, the retail market halls history in Paris expanded and even resolved the “Affaire Baltard” with an international resonance.
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Licence : Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification - CC BY 4.0
Licence : Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification - CC BY 4.0
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