Tracing Transregional Connections through References to Sanskrit Texts in the Śaiva Old Javanese Literature from Java and Bali
Résumé
This chapter investigates (Sanskrit-)Old Javanese Iaiva literature belonging to the tantric tutur and tattva genres, the Śāsana normative genre, as well as poems (kakavin) of Śaiva persuasion, to trace transregional textual connections between the Indian subcontinent and Java and Bali in the light of allusions to or citations of Sanskrit texts. It identifies the specific sources that were in circulation and were considered authoritative, and which may have been prototypical to form the textual "canon" that informed prevalent religious, ritual, and social ideas and practices in pre-Islamic Java as well as Bali. This analysis will reveal text-building and hermeneutical techniques, as well as authorisation strategies, employed by premodern Javanese and Balinese authors to anchor their textual and religious tradition to either a timeless or mythological dimension or a scholastic tradition inspired by Indic norms. This will facilitate our understanding of the transregional textual flows that shaped the literary, cultural, and religious landscapes of the premodern Javanese-Balinese cultural sphere.
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