Comment la statistique est-elle entrée en physique ?
Résumé
Now that statistics is a branch of mathematics, it is easy to imagine that its use in the field of
human affairs is a by-product of modern science’s way of looking at the world. Historical study
contradicts such an idea: it is in the field of human affairs that quantitative statistics have developed,
and it is only afterwards that it became a method for the natural sciences. Most physicists in the
nineteenth century considered statistics all too human to have a place in the scientific study of
nature. It took all Maxwell’s authority and persuasion to make statistical analysis a new style of
scientific thought in physics.
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